PCOD VS PCOS: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT

Introduction

In India, discussing periods has traditionally been frowned upon. As a result, people have found it challenging to comprehend the various issues and disorders related to their reproductive health. PCOS diagnosis is a very common issue in women. Both PCOD and PCOS are related to the imbalance in hormonal activities in women. It leads to various health issues and complications.

So, it is very important to understand these two conditions and know how to detect them. This blog will provide details about PCOD and PCOS problems and how both of them are very similar in the beginning.

What is PCOD?

PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a medical condition in which a woman's ovaries produce an abnormally large number of immature or partly mature eggs, which eventually develop into cysts in the ovaries. As a result, the ovaries swell and produce an excess of male hormones (androgens), leading to infertility, irregular menstruation, hair loss, and excessive weight gain.

What is PCOS?

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is an endocrine condition that results in enlarged ovaries with tiny cysts on the margins. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is believed to be related to insulin resistance, which leads to an increase in insulin levels in the body. This can cause the ovaries to produce more androgens (male hormones) than usual, which can lead to the symptoms associated with PCOS.

PCOD Vs PCOS

Some women may be unsure whether PCOD and PCOS are identical or distinct conditions. Here are some PCOD & PCOS differences that every woman should be aware of:

What are the causes of PCOS and PCOS?

The exact causes of PCOS and PCOD are not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to the development of these conditions, including:

1) Genetics:

PCOS and PCOD can be hereditary, meaning that they can be passed down through family members.

2) Insulin resistance:

Women with PCOS and PCOD often have high levels of insulin, which can cause the ovaries to produce more androgens, such as testosterone.

3) Hormonal imbalances:

PCOS and PCOD are characterized by an imbalance of hormones, particularly higher levels of androgens and luteinizing hormone (LH), and lower levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

4) Obesity:

Being overweight or obese can contribute to the development of PCOS and PCOD, as excess body fat can increase insulin levels and hormone imbalances.

5) Inflammation:

Chronic inflammation can contribute to insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances, which may contribute to the development of PCOS and PCOD.

It's important to note that while these factors can contribute to the development of PCOS and PCOD, not all women with these conditions will have the same underlying causes, and the precise cause can vary from person to person.

What are the symptoms of PCOD / PCOS?

Some women experience symptoms around the start of their first period. Others, on the other hand, do not realize until they gain a large amount of weight or have problems conceiving.

The following are some PCOS or PCOD problem symptoms:

• Skipped or irregular menstruation cycle.

• Heavy menstrual flow.

• Excessive Hair development.

• Acne.

• Weight gain.

• Thin hair.

• Darkening of the skin.

• Cysts in the ovaries.

• Excessive male hormone levels.

How is PCOD / PCOS diagnosed?

A gynecologist may offer the following tests to diagnose PCOD or PCOS:

• Pelvic examination:

A physical examination of the reproductive organs to look for lumps, abnormalities, or growth.

• Blood tests:

Blood test results can provide information about hormone levels. Fasting lipid profiles (to assess cholesterol level, elevated lipoprotein (HDL), lipid levels, and reduced lipoprotein (LDL)) are among them.

• Ultrasound imaging:

Assess the size of the ovaries, the uterus lining, and tumours in the ovaries using ultrasound imaging.

How is PCOD / PCOS treated?

Treatment for PCOS is typically focused on managing symptoms and reducing the risk of long-term health problems. The treatment plan for PCOS may include:

1) Lifestyle changes:

A healthy diet and regular exercise can help to manage weight, reduce insulin resistance, and regulate hormone levels.

2) Medications:

A variety of medications may be used to treat PCOS, including birth control pills, metformin (a medication used to treat diabetes), and medications to regulate menstrual cycles.

3) Fertility treatments:

Women with PCOS who are trying to conceive may be prescribed medications to stimulate ovulation or may undergo assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

4) Surgery:

In rare cases, surgery may be recommended to remove ovarian cysts or to reduce excess hair growth.

It's important to work with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for the specific symptoms and medical history. PCOS can have long-term health consequences if left untreated, so it's important to manage the condition proactively.
 Conclusion

Keeping a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and taking the prescribed medications can help manage PCOD/PCOS and its associated symptoms. Women must see a gynecologist and a primary healthcare doctor regularly if they face any of the above-mentioned symptoms to get the earliest possible treatment.

FAQ's

Q. Can a woman become pregnant if she has PCOD?

Ans:- Yes, women with PCOD can become pregnant and carry it to term; however, careful preparation and follow-up with a gynaecologist are required to avoid future difficulties.

Q. Can you gain weight when on PCOD or PCOS?

Ans:- Yes, women with PCOD or PCOS can gain weight due to poor metabolism, hormonal imbalance, and an increase in androgen male hormone levels. Women's weight growth patterns will be similar to men's, with belly fat accounting for a greater percentage of total body fat.

Q. How can PCOS be permanently cured?

Ans:- PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) is a significant medical disorder that can't be healed, but the associated one or more symptoms can be controlled to improve quality of life.