GLUCOMETER: A GUIDE TO USING IT AT HOME

A glucometer is a compact and portable gadget that allows you to monitor your blood sugar levels in a matter of a few seconds. It is also known as a glucose meter and is a diabetic's true friend. It provides accurate readings of one's blood glucose levels regardless of the type of diabetes one suffers from.

This article lists the types of glucometers, explains their applications, and provides a protocol for using them efficiently.

What are the types of glucometers?

Standard glucose meters and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are the two types of glucometers available in the market.

Standard Glucose Meters:

Standard glucometers are suitable for individuals who do not take insulin shots or do not require regular testing. Standard glucometers involve a fingerstick blood sample to be deposited on a testing strip that can be read by the glucometer to give blood glucose readings.

CGMs (Continuous Glucose Monitors):

In contrast, CGM uses interstitial fluid to measure blood glucose levels. It has a sensor that detects blood sugar levels when inserted under the skin of the upper arm or abdomen. It is suitable for individuals who have insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes, who require strict blood sugar control, who do not show early symptoms of low blood glucose, and who experience recurrent high or low blood sugar levels.

How to use a glucometer at home?

Here is a step-by-step method that can be followed to accurately measure blood sugar levels with a glucometer, avoiding chances of infection and erroneous readings. However, it is important to note that glucometers from different vendors may work differently. Therefore, it is critical to go through the directions included in the information leaflet provided with the glucometer.

1. Wash hands well with water and soap and wipe them dry with a cloth. Alternatively, clean the finger to be pricked for a blood sample with a piece of sterile cotton dipped in alcohol.

2. Take a test strip from the strip package taking care not to touch the surface where the blood sample is deposited. Carefully insert the strip into the glucometer's strip slot.

3. Note that some blood glucose meters require the blood sample to be placed on the strip before being inserted into the reader. Refer to the instruction leaflet that comes with the glucometer.

4. Set the lancing device as follows:

Remove the cap from the lancet by twisting it.

Open the cap of the lancet holder and insert the sterile lancet into it by pressing it in firmly.

Reattach the lancet holder cap and set the lancing device according to the thickness of your skin.

5. Prick the finger with the lancing device and watch the blood drain.

6. Place a drop of blood on the marked area of the test strip.

7. Make sure the strip does not touch the skin. This is significant because contaminants on fingers can alter test readings.

8. Place a clean cotton swab on the prick site and press to stop blood flow.

What are the applications of a glucometer?

A glucometer may be used for the following:

• To determine whether blood glucose levels are under control, low, or high.

• To monitor blood glucose levels throughout the day to identify a pattern (when the blood glucose levels are likely to become high or low).

• To monitor blood sugar levels after physical activity or during periods of stress.

• To track the effectiveness of medications.

• To determine whether lifestyle changes such as food and exercise are helping in diabetes management.

What are the typical glucometer values for non-diabetics?

Normal blood sugar levels for a non-diabetic are as follows:

• Fasting blood sugar levels ranging between 70 and 99 mg/dl.

• Postprandial blood sugar levels (2 hours after meals) lower than 140 mg/dl.

What are the typical glucometer values for diabetics?

As per American Diabetes Association, blood glucose levels in diabetics should be as follows:

• Fasting blood sugar levels ranging between 80 and 130 mg/dl.

• Postprandial blood sugar levels lower than 180 mg/dl.

How to avoid common issues while using a glucometer?

Correct use of the glucometer and proper maintenance can help one avoid inaccurate readings. The following point may be noted to optimally maintain the glucometer and obtain correct readings each time:

• It is important to always have an extra glucometer battery accessible.

• Only fresh test strips should be used.

• The test strips should be stored in a closed container away from air and light. Light and humidity can damage strips.

• The device should be cleaned regularly and quality-control checks should be performed when prompted by the instrument. (For details, consult the instruction manual provided by the vendor.)

• Larger blood samples are required for some devices. The sample size recommended by the vendor in the user manual should be strictly adhered to while using the glucometer.

FAQ's

1) How does a glucometer function?

Ans:- The test strip provided with the glucometer contains an enzyme that oxidizes glucose in the blood to gluconolactone. This reaction is read by an indicator, which eventually gives the reading.

2) Why do I need to check my blood sugar levels throughout the day?

Ans:- Blood sugar levels fluctuate throughout the day. Therefore, continuous monitoring is the most effective way to keep blood sugar levels under control. Poor control increases the risk of kidney disease, eyesight loss, heart problems, and other health issues.

3) What exactly is continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)?

Ans:- A continuous glucose monitor contains a tiny sensor that may be implanted beneath the skin. It monitors blood sugar levels every few minutes and sends the information to a remote monitor. This allows real-time monitoring of blood sugar levels.